Hudson Bost serna

Hudson Bost serna ( Hudson River School ) tir yambaf lizor awiyis koe Tanarasokeem bak XIX^-eafa decemda is reduyus gan lospa dem lingesik turestayan gan pestakeva.

Taneafa oxila

Hudson Bost serna va konak amerikaf lingesik kobayas wali 1820^-e sanda isu 1870^-e lospar. Geltron muxaks bak 1879 anton zo glotcayar. Taneaf lingeropaf lizor awiyis koe Tanarasokeem, inafa redura jadion pu Thomas Cole ( 1801-1848 ) zo yofter. Bantan koe Catskill bak 1836 va int inkeyer azen inafa trutca kaatoesa va amerikapaf patectoy, va aryon lingesik tcampus va inafa tula num batinde tazukas va Hudson Bost serna di turestayad.

Lingesik ke taneafa oxila va Hudson krant is monexo is dere Catskill jaka isu Adirondacks isu White valentrone Tanarasokeem lasukaatoeyed. Va patectoy ton brevizap nelkon lingeyed.

Yambik ke Hudson Bost serna va rietova va Lugode tuevayana gan Edmund Blake eireaf trakopik kan A philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful ( Trakopafa kogrupara va Xanta ke Minyona Rieta va Lugode is Liste, 1757 ). Trakuyud da Tuwava tiyir exaksara ke lorafa gijarotiuca isu vonuca. Ware ketaf patectoy ke Tanarasokeem gu Xantafuda zo doluneyed

Toleafa oxila ( 1848-1870 )

Radimi awalkera ke Thomas Cole bak 1870, Asher Brown Durand ( 1796-1886 ) va otsa ke lizor narir. Vanpiyir taneagadesik ke Vedeyaf Cultim va Zovdara ( National Academy of Design ) ise va verteem ke patectoyafa lingeropa tubeksayar. Durand va John William Caselear tavembik doon doimpayar numen bantan va gretcara joke patectoyafa lingeropa jovleyer, abdialbason va brevizam lodam glupaf buneks ke yambik ke taneafa oxila.

Soe lingesik ke Hudson Bost serna me tid male milyona seltafa anameda ise va mil martig me dye uned. Toleafa oxila ke Hudson Bost serna va afifa keska isu anamedafa faveyer.

Frederic Edwin Church ( 1826-1900 ) va Niagara stoya vox dere patectoy dive Tanarasokeem ( Andes rodega, Pokefa Roneka, Naelxo ) lingeyer.

Louis Rémy Mignot ( 1831-1870 ) va Niagara stoya dere linger, is nakila va tcabanera bak fentugal is ronekaf patectoy.

Lingesik va Rocky rodega

Lingesik xantaf gu Germana, Albert Bierstadt ( 1830-1902 ) tir bocaf kaatoesik ke Hudson Bost serna. Bak 1858 va brinuga ke Lander vombik koe Rocky rodega pakeyer. Ko bata gola bak 1863 az 1871/1872 gin lakiyir. Inaf patectoy va amerikafa talteka tid pintakirapaf is ilamkaf is dile selus. Lantan va in wetce afievik pulad. Inaf jontik buneks va Yosemite krant va disafa tuwava nedid.

Inafa trutca yoltkiraf Landers Peak ( 1863 ) gan McHenry kelotaf tilapik ika 25000 dollar talolk zo lusteyer ; va jontika mikropafa pinta razdar ise va milbavakiraf patectoy drager.

Thomas Moran ( 1837-1926 ) va Rocky rodega jontikviele lingeyer. Wira ke Thomas Moran va patectoy ke amerikafa talteka tiyir gorukafa ta redura va Yellowstone vedeyaf gerd. Inaf lingeks vangrupeyes va gijuca is gedruca ke patectoyeem ke Yellowstone pu amerikafa aba gan bokasik va azed zo atoeyed. Thomas Moran is Albert Bierstadt is Thomas Hill is William Keith gu Rocky rodega serna nope jontik patectoy ke talteka lingeyen gan bata lospa dile zo vuested.

Afieva

John Frederick Kensett is Martin Johnson Heade is Fritz Henry Lane va Hudson Bost serna oye intyon nyasesaf lingeks ezfid. Va fenkunaf patectoy ( bira ik uzda ik eipxo ) tuvodan gan anamedafa keska volad. Va afievaf lizor tadled, i va lizor kruptes da afi ke Warzafa Tamava sotir pilkovafi kir exaksara ke Lorik koe patectoy.

Nelkaf lingesik

Yambik	Kobl-	Aw-	Giva
Albert Bierstadt	1830	1902	Lingesik xantaf gu Germana, Albert Bierstadt ( 1830-1902 ) tir bocaf kaatoesik ke Hudson Bost serna. Bak 1858 va brinuga ke Lander vombik koe Rocky rodega pakeyer. Ko bata gola bak 1863 az 1871/1872 gin lakiyir. Inaf patectoy va amerikafa talteka tid pintakirapaf is ilamkaf is dile selus.
Alfred Thompson Bricher	1837	1908	Turestayan gan Martin Johnson Heade is Fitz Henry Lane, kralan gu afievaf lizor koe Tanarasokeem, tir tan ironokaf kaatoesik ke Hudson River School.
John William Casilear	1811	1893	Xanton gretcasik, gu lingera gan Asher Brown Durand zo koldayar.
Frederic Edwin Church	1826	1900	Tavembik ke Thomas Cole. Beka gan tuwavaf opeem zo turestayar, pune gan swavaf lum ke intafa yamba dun zo abdikereleyer.
Thomas Cole	1801	1848	Krupteyene gu redusik va Hudson Bost serna, va jontika nakila koe intafa mona ke Catskill lingeyer.
Samuel Colman	1832	1920	Bewik ke Vedeyaf Cultim va Zovdara, in ape tiyir tavembik ke Asher Brown Durand.
Jasper Francis Cropsey	1823	1900	Tis ke taneafa oxila ke Hudson Bost serna, va muvugalaf patectoy tulon lingeyer. Trakuyur da patectoy tiyir lokiewaf tazuk ke lingeropa isen da tuwava tiyir rontifa exaksara ke Lorik.
Thomas Doughty	1793	1856	Taneaf amerikaf yambik tanon eksudas va patectoy.
Asher Brown Durand	1796	1886	Grupen nope inyon pintakiraf lingeks va aal is pistok is toeem.
Robert Scott Duncanson	1821	1872	Afrikamerikaf yambik lingeyes bak Wideytafa Geja isu radimi is turestayan gan Hudson Bost serna.
Sanford Robinson Gifford	1823	1880	Wetce tan emokilik ke Hudson Bost serna, inaf patectoy gan afikeska kralasa va afievaf lizor zo tuvodad.
William Hart	1823	1894	Tiyir tavembik ke Jules-Joseph Lefebvre.
William Stanley Haseltine	1835	1900	Moni 1859 ko New York va int inkeyer.
Martin Johnson Heade	1819	1904	Va jontika patectoyafa trutca lingeyer ise tiyir nik do konak yambik ke Hudson Bost serna.
Thomas Hill	1829	1908	Va patectoy ke California, tulon ke Yosemite krant lingeyer, is ke White jaka ke New Hampshire.
David Johnson	1827	1908	Kobliyis koe New York, dene Vedeyaf Cultim va Zovdara vayayar aze tiyir tavembik ke Jasper Francis Cropsey. Do John Frederick Kensett is John William Casilear, tiyir lokiewaf kaatoesik ke amerikafa afieva.
John Frederick Kensett	1816	1872	Grupen nope inyon patectoy va New York is New England is krimteem ke New Jersey is Long ewala, tir ke toleafa oxila ke Hudson Bost serna.
Fitz Henry Lane	1804	1865	Tan zolonaf kaatoesik va afieva koe Tanarasokeem.
Jervis McEntee	1828	1891
Louis Rémy Mignot	1831	1870	Grupen nope inyon ronekaf patectoy is Niagara stoya is wiks va Paris.
Thomas Moran	1837	1926	Inafa trutca volasa va patectoy ke amerikafa talteka tiyid gorukafa ta redura va Yellowstone vedeyaf gerd.
Robert Walter Weir	1803	1889
Worthington Whittredge	1820	1910	Nik ke Albert Bierstadt is Sanford Robinson Gifford, koyapayar ise tiyir taneagadesik va Vedeyaf Cultim va Zovdara.

Vuestexa

(en) John K. Howat, American Paradise, The World of the Hudson River School. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Harry N. Abrams, Inc., New York, 1987
(en) Sanford Robinson Gifford is Kevin J. Avery is Franklin Kelly, Hudson River School Visions : The Landscapes of Sanford R. Gifford, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2004, ISBN 588390985
(en) John K. Howat, The Hudson River and its Painters, Viking Press, 1972, ISBN 0670385581