Kongoa

Kongoa tir patecta ke istefa Afrika.

Kongoa

République du Congo Repubilika ya Kongo Republiki ya Kongó
Kelu	Brazzaville
Ava	Francava, Lingalava, Kongoava
Vertuma	Sokasane
Welmot	342 000 km²
Sanelia	5 293 070 (2020)
For	15 ir-/km²
Tal	Franc CFA
betara	teza

Tawavopa

Ugatawavopa

Laeliwot va Kongoa

Remayano gan witalu ise mialon modivatceno gan aalxo, welma ke kongoaxo tir vas 342 000 km², kene taltefa domega ke Oubangui bost isu tela ke Congo.

Lae is lavaxoeem

Lae va baroya belca ruldar : omafa Kongoa, krimtafa meftafa tixa ( Mayombe fluvor ), gola dem venta is meftama solparsasa va vwepafa krimtafa azeka ( 200 km kene Atlantika welfa, lize Kouilou artnir ) sol istexo ; kongoafa tcelda tazukasa va mialalavafa buxafa azeka ; tere, lentetalte bata wedafa gola, yona yootafa azekexa ( Batéké is Konkouya, 1040 m- tice Leketi mefta ) solparsad va Congo kuksaxo sol Ogooué tel koe Gabona. Modivatcen gan meila, sin tid nyikoyan gan yono voaalxo iku loba kene totaraf kovoeem ke Congo bost.

Bosteem is kukseem vas toloy jumtakap pasud : va isteon is lenteon Congo tel is geroneon Kouilou-Niari tel Congo ( 4614 km- ) tir tel logijarotif tamavaf bost rade Amazonas. Klita tigir koe Sokasanerotifa Kongoa, in rustoler va Kongoa Sokasane kene 700 km- ise do intaf kovoeem va skapafa yordapa ksuber. Kouilou ( 320 km ) kovoa isu Niari va talteka andud ; titesalt ke Kouilou tir totaraf.

Lidawicka is ruxeem

Valente patecta lidawicka tir witalufa is idulafa is abdafa, dem toloy rodaf cadim is toloy muvaf cadim. Tandafa mialukafa yanka tir vas 25°. Koe Getalteka lidawicka tir bwafa abdafa dem tanoy muvaf cadim ( 8 aksat ) is tanoy rodaf cadimap ( 3-4 aksat ). Koe Istexo lidawicka tir levwitalufa dem cupaf rodaf cadim. 65 % ke kongoaxo tid bwaalxokirapaf. Talteon Chaillu fluvor is Mayombéu is lentefo vamolavano aalxo tadled va toleaf aalxof ind ke tamava. Ark ke tawavo tir meilakiraf.

Izva

► Den kotraf teliz : Izva ke Kongoa

Taneaf irubasikeem va patecta al nuvelar Pigme saneik. Bak taneafa voldecitda, lentufa bantuavafa sanelia azilnyofasa is tawamidurusa kenolanison va krimta is voeem va gola zomeyed. Konako gazaxo tadlewed. Sinafa xanta zo grupejer : Teke gazaxo lenteon koe istexo is konako Kongo gazaxo kene krimta is koe Mayombé fluvor.

Europafa koluwera

Bak 1482 Diogo Cão portugalaf vestasik, va artexo ke Congo bost zomeyer. Uzereem va patectolafa sanelia tiyir volfakaf. Portugalik va ebeltikmordara tozuyud, acum batcoba va sanelia illaumapayar ise va yoni gaderopafi koeti isu selt ke istefa Afrika tuvolbograyar. Tir koe bata saverorka da europik toz koluweyed moni 1875 gan Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza dana va Ogooué bost ticlapiyir aze va ronefa domega ke Congo bost kosmayar.

Bak 1880 in zolteyer va Teke nafalik, i va Makoko gazik, va bioga ke nendareba joke Franca ( 1880 ). Azon, bak 1883, Cordier va bioga ke kagrupera do Loango gazaxo parleyer.

Francafa boniara

Francafa Puloda ve vlabeyer va dotrak ke Savorgnan de Brazza bak 1882, solve Berlin laxa ( 1884-1885 ) va rokeem ke Franca kene ronefa domega ke Congo kagrupeyer. Vanpiyinon jadif ramisavik, Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza ko intafa rictuma va Kongoa is Gabona katanayar, aze lenton va francaf digikseem divatceyer. Francafa Kongoa boniaxo bak 1891 zo reduyur azen kaxaakskirafu sistu ta savera va robeem ( loy is wula ) va tawavo wale sint walziliyid. Batu sistu lonjepeyed, acum batcoba va yona forteyrujayana kevmadara doimpayar.

Bak 1910 Brazzaville vanpir kelu ke francafa witalufa Afrika, ise vestayana gola gan Brazza ton toloyo tawavo zo walziliyid : talteon Gabona is roneon Congoa. Bak 1911 kaxaakskirafu sistu va telo intafo tawavo ve drasuyud. Kevboniarafa kategira kaikion exaksawetesa nariyir va tazuk ke kevotceraliziwera. Voxen vedeyeva geltron anton tozuweyer radimi Toleafa tamavageja. Impavantason va yona lizukafa kevlaca, Fulbert Youlou eceyik askiyir da zo libuyur ba dotaf libureem ke 1956 ise va play ke taneaf eldik ke Sokasane vanmiae Francafa Witalufa Doda ( 1958 ) vansayar.

Volruptesuca

Ba 15/08/1960 va volruptesuca vansayar. Fulbert Youlou wetce taneatisik ke Kongoa Sokasane zo libuyur. Azon patecta va konaka vertumabetawera is gaderopafa adjubera grupeyer aze mal marxlenineva kal skapafa nuyoteva remfiyir. Kongoa Sokasane vanpiyir Kongoa Sanefa Sokasane ba 1969. Radimi jadifa kevmadara bak 1990, warzafa tadlemwa ba 1992 zo vanikatcuyur ise do jonpakoeva vertuma al tolwebokar.

Enkruldesuca ke Kongoa zo kowupeyer gan azaca dem baroya apkapasa wideytafa geja ( 1993 az 1997 az 1998-1999 ). Taneafa molikera dilizeyed wale pakoikeem ke Pascal Lissouba warzaf taneatisik is tel ke Bernard Kolelas keludotagadesik. Azon, va sint vangluyayason, bata toloya lospa va levburesikeem ke Denis Sassou-Nguesso savsaf taneatisik doalieyed. Cenesik va wideytafa geja, Sassou-Nguesso va patecta mefakon al toz tudiliar. Inaf kevelik, Pascal Lissouba sanerotion libuyun taneatisik, div patecta al otcer.

Utceem

Ristulafa tadlenuca ke patecta tir vas sanoya utca ( francavon département ) is toloya widava ravaldugon gu utca.

► Vexala dem utceem ke Kongoa

Sanelia

Sanelia ke Brazzaville Kongoa patar va loote Bantu korikeem is konaka pinotaca dem dana tir Pigme korikeem ( 1,4 % ). Vanmiae mon tev-sanoya mikra, Kongo korikeem tir tel lodotaf ( 51,5 % ) aze Teke korikeem ( 17,3 % ) aze Mboci korikeem ( 11,5 % ). Ara mikra va 19,7 % ke kote kaatoed. Sanelia memilton walmunewer kire 70 % ke Kongoa vedeyikeem avplekuwed vagee patecta is biradom is domega ke mialukafo Congo is poke Congo-Welfa vawakelot kagluyas va bat toloy seg. Dere karaket va Brazzaville Kongoa tisa vanmiae tela lowidavafa patecta ke Afrika. Belcon, Brazzaville ( 990 000 irubasik ) rea isu Pointe-Noire ( 576 000 ir- ) va lo 60 % ke sanelia avplekud. Ara widavapa tid Dolisie ( 83 000 ir- ) is Nkayi ( 42 000 ).

Saneliaforeem

Sanelia koe belca ke tawavo memilton walmunewer. Nelkafa pakava ( 84 % ) moe 30 % ke tawavo koe geeka avplekuwer, baton reduson va skapafa volmilbavapa. Tir amidapaca wale Brazzaville widavaf seg ( 8 000 ir-/km² ) is wedaf witaluaal ke ayikiskafa congoafa tcelda. Mialukaf for ( 9,2 ir-/km² ) zavzar lopinaf dam tel ke Afrika tadava ( 25,3 ir-/km² ).

Kongoa va tawadayaf forap me digir. Yoke zolonuca ke widaveem, tawadayafa sanelia va 684 000 irubasik anton kaatoer, trabe mialukaf for dem 2 ir-/km². Tel lodekamafo xo dere geeon tid : talte Brazzaville is koe Niari krant is moe Bembé is Dondo azekexa is koe patectay poke Pointe-Noire.

Gostragat da ervofa koboda se levgayana gan Kongoa bak yona ironakafa tanda XX^-eafa decemda al steged va jontik geekaf tawadayik da gelbeaneyad ko widava ( Brazzaville is Pointe-Noire nelkon ). Tawaday valente Kongoa, tel lodacon saneliakiraf ke belca, wori digid va toloyi saneliaki dem logijaf for kapbure vedeyaf mialuk : Koukouya azekexa ( lo 35 ir-/km² ), gelbe mu yoltafa mikra abdi Tuboniarugal, is geroneka ke Mboci gola.

Saneliopa

• Yona giva icde Saneliopa ke Kongoa

Saneeem

Bantu saneeem tir vas 80 % ke kotafa sanelia ke Kongoa. Tir dem baroya belcapa :

• Kongo belca tir taneafa. Vas 48 % ke sanelia tadler, vagee kotafa patecta male Brazzaville kale Pointe-Noire kene krimta ke Atlantika welfa. Bata lospa tir dem tulon Lari sane aname Brazzaville is Vili sane vemon ice Pointe-Noire is Yombe sane koe Mayombe meftaxo is Bembe sane isu Sundi isu Kamba, is dere yoltackon Kongo sane.
• Teke belca va 22 % ke sanelia mon kaatoer ise moe Bateke azekexa lente Brazzaville tigir. Tir dem sanoya mikra : Kukuya is Boma is Tio is Gangulu is Tege is Bateke-Lali ikz-.
• Mboci belca, i bareafa mikrafa belca tir dem sanoya mikra : Likuala is Likouba is Kuyu is Makua is Bonga is Bonbongi is Moye is Mboci is Ngare is Mboko. Valente patecta tigid, koe Cuvette gola aname Owando is Makoua is Mossaka is kene jontika kabaykirafa is rototana kuksa, i kene tulon Likouala kuksa isu Kouyou isu Alima isu Sangha.

Widaveem

► Wafra dem widava ke Kongoa

Skapa

Kongoafa skapa moe lapteratawamidura is yanbudind is tolna nelkon dayker.

Tuwavaf robeem : tolna, inta, demel, singel, derel, radelul, tie, ikz-.

Tolna : Va 90 % ke Sokakazawakseem is divburereem kaatoer. Mali 1976 koe Pointe-Noire tukarara zo askir. Daletoe tir tela nelkafa kategiraca.

Inta : Tir zolonafa pakava ke divburereem ke Kongoa ( sladuaalxa, okumeaalxa, limbaalxa, ikz- ).

Aryon rob : tiexo is moavaxo is digxo is lutxo ikz-.

Nelkaf lapteramidukseem : fekra, bilka, trapamaal, irka, ksago, starpa, ikz-

Kazaf midukseem : botaal is flecaal is fadaal.

Raba : rabama ta raweyaks ( umava, olaxa, oksi, tird, ekot, vukuda, ikz- ).

Moltafe levedrenye : Pointe-Noire molt dere dazanis va vegungaxoeem.

Avopa

Lozolonafa ava se ke patcta va bantufa yasa pasud : tid Munukutubava (50,3 %) is Kikongoava (36,5 %) is Lingalava (13 %) is Mbociava (8,5 %) is Teke aveem (8 %) is konaka ara ava. Lingalava, « ava ke bost » lenteon is roneon kene voa yo zo pulvir; Munukutubava (ok Kitubava), "ava ke vawakelot" geeon zo pulvir.

Jontik pulvisik va Munukutubava ok Kikongoava ok Lingalava wetce toleafa ava va sin dere ud. Bata baroya ava wetce golerava zo torigid, do Francava tisa tela winugafa. Mali Francugal Munukutubava is Kikongoava al voneweped, vexe Lingalava loon al divlaumar. Luxe Franciava, yoke intafa winuguca tir ava ke roti.

Araya

► Tamavafa gadakiewega ke UNESCO